|
Alastair Culham (born 1965) is an English botanist. He is a member of the staff of the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Reading〔(Forest fire's environmental impact could last a decade ), .〕 and Curator of the University of Reading Herbarium (RNG).〔(Coco-de-mer arrives at Reading University Herbarium ),.〕 He specializes in plant taxonomy, biosystematics and applications of techniques from molecular biology, phytogeography and phylogenetics. He focuses on broad-based research in biodiversity and taxonomy. One aspect of his research concerns the effects of climate change on biodiversity. He has contributed to papers on the impacts of climate change on plant evolution〔Yesson, C. and Culham, A. (2006) Phyloclimatic modeling: Combining phylogenetics and bioclimatic modeling. Systematic Biology, 55 (5). pp. 785-802. ISSN 1063-5157 doi: 10.1080/1063515060081570〕〔Heywood, V. and Culham, A. (2009) The impacts of climate change on plant species in Europe. Report T-PVS/Inf9E. In: Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats. 29th meeting of the Standing Committee, Bern.〕〔Yesson, C., Toomey, N. H. and Culham, A. (2009) Cyclamen: time, sea and speciation biogeography using a temporally calibrated phylogeny. Journal of Biogeography, 36 (7). pp. 1234-1252. ISSN 0305-0270 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01971.x〕 as well as reviews of data source quality〔Yesson, C., Brewer, P. W., Sutton, T., Caithness, N., Pahwa, J. S., Burgess, M., Gray, W. A., White, R. J., Jones, A. C., Bisby, F. A. and Culham, A. (2007) How global is the global biodiversity information facility? PLoS ONE, 2 (11). p. 1124. ISSN 1932-6203 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001124〕 and computational approaches to large-scale niche modelling.〔Heap, M. J. and Culham, A. (2010) Automated pre-processing strategies for species occurrence data used in biodiversity modelling. Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Part I (6279). pp. 517-526. ISSN 0302-9743 doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-15384-6〕 His work on the evolutionary biology of plants of interest to horticulture includes relationships within ''Pelargonium''〔Bakker, F. T., Culham, A., Pankhurst, C. E. and Gibby, M. (2000) Mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA-based phylogeny of Pelargonium (Geraniaceae). American Journal of Botany, 87 (5). pp. 727-734. ISSN 1537-2197〕〔Bakker, F.T., Culham, A., Hettiarachi, P. , Touloumenidou, T. and Gibby, M. (2004) Phylogeny of Pelargonium (Geraniaceae) based on DNA sequences from three genomes. Taxon, 53 (1). pp. 17-28. ISSN 0040-0262〕〔Bakker, F.T., Culham, A., Marais, E.M. and Gibby, M. (2005) Nested radiation in Cape Pelargonium. In: Bakker, F.T., Chatrou, L.W., Gravendeel, B. and Pelser, P.B. (eds.) Plant Species-Level Systematics: New Perspectives on Pattern & Process. Gantner Verlag, Rugell, Liechtenstein. ISBN 9783906166391〕 (a collaboration with Mary Gibby of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh), evolutionary patterns within plant genera on islands, with emphasis on ''Echium'', the phylogenetic history of ''Drosera'' and phylogenetic and taxonomic revision on ''Actaea''〔Compton JA, Culham A, Jury SL. 1998 Reclassification of Actaea to include Cimicifuga and Souliea (Ranunculaceae): phylogeny inferred from morphology, nrDNA ITS, and cpDNA trnL-F sequence variation. Taxon 47 (3): 593-634〕 and Ranunculaceae tribe Actaeae〔Compton, J.A. and Culham, A. Phylogeny and circumscription of tribe Actaeeae Ranunculaceae. Systematic Botany, 27 (3) July–September, 2002, 502-511.〕 (in collaboration with James Compton), a phylogenetic evaluation of ''Plectranthus'' and ''Solenostemon'' (coleus) (in collaboration with Alan Paton from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) and recently a review of ''Cyclamen'' phylogeny and classification〔Compton, J.A., Clennett, J.C.B. and Culham, A. (2004) Nomenclature in the dock. Overclassification leads to instability: a case study in the horticulturally important genus Cyclamen (Myrsinaceae). Botanical Journal of The Linnean Society, 146 (3). pp. 339-349. ISSN 0024-4074 doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00322.x〕 (in collaboration with James Compton and The Cyclamen Society). Culham is also engaged in research on the use of molecular markers for the study of genetic diversity within plant populations for the conservation of endangered species. This was applied in a project to determine the genetic diversity within Toromiro (''Sophora toromiro''),〔Maunder, M., Culham, A., Alden, B., Zizka, G., Orliac, C., Lobin, W., Bordeu, A., Ramirez, J.M. and Glissmann-Gough, S. Conservation of the toromiro tree: Case study in the management of a plant extinct in the wild. Conservation Biology, 14(5), 2000, 1341-1350.〕 an endemic plant of Easter Island (in collaboration with Mike Maunder〔(Hunt for Easter tree, Times Higher ),〕). In fungi he has worked on development of molecular markers for identification of phytopathogenic soil fungi of the genus ''Fusarium''〔Mishra, P.K., Fox, R.T.V. and Culham, A. (2003) Development of a PCR-based assay for rapid and reliable identification of pathogenic Fusaria. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 218 (2). pp. 329-332. ISSN 0378-1097 doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2003.tb11537.x〕〔Mishra, P.K., Fox, R.T.V. and Culham, A. (2003) Inter-simple sequence repeat and aggressiveness analyses revealed high genetic diversity, recombination and long-range dispersal in Fusarium culmorum. Annals of Applied Biology, 143 (3). pp. 291-301. ISSN 0003-4746 doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2003.tb00297.x〕 with colleagues Roland Fox and Prashant Mishra of the University of California. As of 2012 he coordinates the i4Life project, having recently completed the project that built the Catalogue of Life.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.i4life.eu/project organisation.php )〕 Along with Vernon Heywood, Richard Kenneth Brummitt and Ole Seberg, Culham is the author of the standard reference book, ''Flowering Plant Families of the World''.〔Heywood, V.H. , Brummit, R.K., Culham, A. and Seberg, O. (2007) Flowering plant families of the world. Kew Books (Europe) Firefly Books (North America). ISBN 9781554072064〕 He also sits on the editorial board of the ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' and the Science Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alastair Culham」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|